The dissipative particle swarm optimization (DPSO) is developed according to the self-organization of dissipative structure. The negative entropy is introduced into the particle swarm to construct an opening dissipative system that is far-from-equilibrium so as to driving the evolutionary process towards better fitness.

• Xiao-Feng Xie, Wen-Jun Zhang, and Zhi-Lian Yang. A dissipative particle swarm optimization. In Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), pages 1456-1461, Honolulu, HI, USA, 2002.
  

  @InProceedings{Xie:2002p1456,
  Title = {A dissipative particle swarm optimization},
  Author = {Xiao-Feng Xie and Wen-Jun Zhang and Zhi-Lian Yang},
  Booktitle = {Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)},
  Year = {2002},
  Address = {Honolulu, HI, USA},
  PDF={http://www.wiomax.com/team/xie/paper/CEC02.pdf},
  DOI={10.1109/CEC.2002.1004457},
  Code={http://www.wiomax.com/dpso},
  Pages = {1456--1461}
  }